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Nizhny Novgorod

The city that rivaled Moscow and became its most important ally

Nizhny Novgorod (or Lower Novgorod) is the fourth largest city in Russia. What began as a small wooden fort is now an important economic and scientific center. Its salvation at the hands of the invading Mongol hordes in the 13th and 14th centuries let it become one of Moscow's most powerful allies, an alliance that led to its continued significance and eventual status as one of Russia's most vital cities.

During the Soviet era, Nizhny was closed to foreigners to protect Soviet military secrets. Today it is the center of Russia’s IT, engineering, shipbuilding, aircraft manufacture, and machinery industries. The city has rich art galleries and museums, its own kremlin, and two medieval abbeys. Nizhny Novgorod boasts more than 600 historic, architectural, and cultural monuments, earning it a spot on UNESCO's list of 100 cities with the greatest historical and cultural value.

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